Suggestions for Future Strategies in Analysis of Parental Involvement in School Administration

Background The roles of teachers and parents are shifting due to the changing socio-economic conditions that force parents to spend more time at work, making the roles of teachers look more like those of parents. At the same time, parents have to perform the duties of educators at home and take an active part in educational activities in terms of academic curriculum in case a student is not able to perceive the material effectively.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Suggestions for Future Strategies in Analysis of Parental Involvement in School Administration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As such, the role of parents in school administration is very important as is allows all stakeholders to benefit, especially students who are proven to perform better in the framework of academic curriculum when their parents are actively involved in school administration. Aims and objectives The aims of this dissertat ion proposal include identifying potential benefits of parental involvement in school administration for students’ performance and the roles of other stakeholders in this case with regard to the emerging need for such measures and likelihood of parents to partake in management activities. The objectives of this proposal include the following: Identify the current roles of stakeholders; Trace the tendencies in academic administration; Suggest possible ways for combining the roles of parents with educating activities; Analyse the experience of student management in schools by parents; Evaluate theoretical frameworks available on the issue; Apply theoretical models to the current situation. It is necessary to identify the roles of parents in student management and possible benefits in students’ academic performance. Literature Review Historic role of education. The necessity of developing intellectual skills have been analysed by many researchers that also emphasised ed ucation as means for reaching outstanding results. Chambers and Chambers (1854) explain that â€Å"The instincts and mental peculiarities of the brute creation, notwithstanding their immeasurable inferiority to the mind of man have hitherto presented very high difficulties in the way of their rational explanation† (p. 1). As claimed by Friedman (1955), special treatment of education in society has long been discussed: Education is today largely paid for, and almost entirely administered by governmental bodies or non-profit institutions. This has developed gradually and is now taken so much for granted that little explicit attention is any longer directed to the reasons for the special treatment of education even in countries that are predominantly free enterprise in organization and philosophy (par. 2).Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As such, education should be perce ived not merely as the formal activity that enables a student to obtain a diploma but as a process that enables people to attain their goals in life, obtain higher positions in terms of professional development, and play active role in the social changes. International experience. International experience in terms of academic curriculum and administration should be taken into account while special attention should be given to the ways students from other countries are treated with regard to the parent involvement in school administration. For instance, â€Å"†¦ as Islam expanded to other regions and came into contact with other indigenous traditions and languages, it became necessary to create a cadre of Muslim experts who would develop sophisticated writings and textbooks†¦ Thus began the tradition of Madrassa† (Anzar, 2003, p. 3). Across the world, Christian churches have been building schools for both the young and the old over the last 1000 years by following t he model used in Ancient Greece. Parent-Teacher Associations (PTAs) or Board of Governors (BOGs) run schools in different countries all over the world becoming active participants of the management process being able to influence the curricula and other aspects that they consider as harmful or ineffective for children, at the same time, introducing innovative measures into school administration. â€Å"Involving parents in their own children’s education at home is not enough†¦ to ensure the quality of schools as institutions serving the community, parents must be involved at all levels in the school† (Allison Canadian Education Association, 2004). A possible improvement would come in the form of parents taking on teaching and mentorship roles among the students (Lucas, 2006). Current situation. School teachers and administrators have difficulties accommodating the increasing demands placed on them by parents and the ever-improving education curricula that countrie s all over the world are adapting. As such, Jones (2010) suggests that â€Å"lack of parental support can also lead to teachers taking on the role of parents† (2010, p. 2). Administrators and teachers therefore face the increasing challenge of staying true to the ideals of schooling or adapting quasi-parental roles in the school setting. This approach has deepened with the creation of boarding schools, especially in middle-income and low-income countries in which students cannot afford to go back home on a daily basis.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Suggestions for Future Strategies in Analysis of Parental Involvement in School Administration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Scholastic (2009) indicates that benefits of adapting the hybrid educational model are obvious: â€Å"Students whose parents are part of their school-life earn better grades and higher test scores, attend school more regula rly, exhibit better social skills, and adapt better to school.† Moreover, parents can track the activities and progress of their children, enabling the educators to identify and solve problems related to the academic progress of students immediately with active parents. â€Å"Parental involvement allows parents to monitor school and classroom activities, and to coordinate their efforts with teachers. Teachers of students with highly involved parents tend to give greater attention to those students†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Education, 2005). Possible solutions. The home setup can complement the school system since children naturally expect to learn from their parents. At the same time, parents may not have special skills for providing their children with educational instructions. The proliferation of the Home-Schooling movement across the world bears witness to the effectiveness of parents as educators and children as students in the home setting, â€Å"These are wonderful opportunities to get to know your children and have them get to know you† (Joye, 2005). In this respect, parents can play a crucial role in school management in terms of helping students and guiding them as well as providing support and evaluating the best practices to be adopted by educational institutions. Epstein’s six types of parent involvement. Examples of hybrid systems that have benefited students abound across the globe can be easily found in most contemporary educational institutions whereas the Epstein’s Six Types of Parent Involvement model is considered to be the most favoured one. In this approach, parental participation in education involves six areas comprising home and school activities (ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Management, 2001). First on the list of offered activities is parenting, that entails helping families to setup homes that encourage children in their academic endeavours.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Second is communicating that involves utilization of home-to-school and school-to-home systems of communication about student programs and student progress, â€Å"Some teachers involved parents in academic activities such as reading and tutoring, while other teachers turned to parents to relieve them of duties that otherwise would get in the way of teaching† (Education Oasis, 2001). The next on the list is volunteering and participation using parental support to recruit and organize. The fourth is home lessons, where families receive ideas on how to help students with curriculum-related material. Fifth is decision making and participation where parents participate in school decisions and administrative processes (ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Management, 2001). Parental involvement factsheet of Michigan. According to the Parental Involvement Factsheet of the state of Michigan, USA, the involvement of parents in school administration are manifold (Michigan Department of Ed ucation, 2002). One of the most important benefits listed in the Parental Involvement Factsheet is that intense parental involvement produces improved student performance progressively and when parents are involved, students have higher grades and graduation rates, better school attendance, increased motivation, better self-esteem, lower rates of suspension, decreased use of drugs and alcohol, and fewer instances of violent behaviour (Michigan Department of Education, 2002). As such, it is essential for parents to partake in educational activities for school management. A study by British researchers shows that parents are eager to be involved in their children’s education: â€Å"In total, nearly three quarters (72%) of parents agreed that they would like more involvement, but only a third (35%) ‘definitely’ agreed† (Williams, Williams Ullman, 2002). This shows that most parents would participate in educating their child if only they receive guidance on h ow to do it. Methodology As a part of the dissertation proposal, a list of methods should be provided to outline the main area of research, data collection opportunities, data analysis opportunities and limitations, sampling methods if surveys or other experiments are to be used.  As such, it is necessary to emphasise that this should be qualitative rather than quantitative research-based mostly on secondary sources, whereas opinion polls can become a great part of the research leading it to another direction. As this is a proposal, it is likely that the focus of the research will change as soon as the process of collecting the materials starts. In this respect, there are few proposed fields for research as it goes: The research focuses on the role of parents in school administration in terms of parental involvement into the educational process in terms of support, tracking progress, contributing to improving progress and increasing motivation, and other issues. In this case, it is preferable to analyse grades information from educational institutions before and after adapting active parental involvement models. The research, in this case, would be quantitative, aimed at identifying the positive changes reflected in students’ grades. Besides, it is possible to analyse emotional constraints if children dislike their parents being involved in their academic activities. Conducting a survey among educators give an insight of the educational perspective on the issue of parental involvement. At the same time, it is necessary to obtain written consents from all stakeholders regarding the information permitted for publication and data that should be provided for counting and forming the visual presentation of effects without disclosing personal information. The research focuses on the roles of parents in school administration in terms of parents and students involved only. As such, it might be a merely qualitative research including questionnaires with open- ended questions where parents may tell about their perception of the school administration activities and if they consider it effective or ineffective with regard to students’ performance. At the same time, it is necessary to know the opinion of students and their ability to study under severe parental control. It is essential to identify how students perceive parental involvement and administration in educational institutions where the model is already adapted and in those that still do not have active parental involvement. Moreover, it is possible to analyse the general tendencies if students want their parents to spend more time and effort on their education and what effects they expect parental involvement to have on their academic progress. Problems/Opportunities Problems in the current research proposed may be related to obtaining a written consent from parents, educators, and students to access the grade records and analyse those. Moreover, it is necessary to decide o n the direction to be selected for the research concerning more attention given to the perception of active parental involvement model or on the shifts that take place in roles of parents and educators. At the same time, it is possible to analyse students and their insight of the situation; asking students if they like active involvement of their parents in academic activities and comparing perceptions of all stakeholders including the ministry of education as the main body that suggests and recommends certain systems to be adapted. Timescale/Gantt Chart Reference List Allison, P. A., Canadian Education Association, 2004. Parents’ participation in school improvement processes. Toronto: Canadian Education Association. Anzar, U., 2003. A brief history of madrassas with comments on curricula and current pedagogical practices. Narrative. Cairo: Al-Azhar University Press. Chambers, W. Chambers, R., 1854. Chambers’s papers for the people. Edinburgh: Lippincott. Education Oasis, 2001. Working with parents: advice from teachers. Web. ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Management, 2001. About parent involvement. Web. Friedman, M., 1955. The role of government in education. Economics and the Public Interest. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press. Jones, B., 2010. Challenges that teachers face in the classroom. Web. Joye, C. W., 2005. Homeschooling more than one child. Lincoln, NE: iUniverse. Liesen, L. T., 1999. Mother nature: a history of mothers, infants, and natural selection. New York, NY: Pantheon Books. Lucas, B., 2006. Involving parents in schools. London: Continuum International Publishing Group. Michigan Department of Education, 2002. Final Parent Involvment Work Sheet.  Web. Scholastic, 2009. Parent involvement. Web. U.S. Department of Education, 2005. Parent involvement in schools. Web. Williams, B., Williams, J., Ullman, A., 2002. parental involvement in education. Norwich: Queen’s Printer Department for Education and Skills. This research paper on Suggestions for Future Strategies in Analysis of Parental Involvement in School Administration was written and submitted by user Luciano O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Human Resource Management Issues

Human Resource Management Issues Types of Human Resource Management Issues in International Business International human resource management is defined as the effective process of procuring, allocating and utilizing human resources in multinational corporations. The issues that are considered to affect human resource management in foreign establishments are as discussed below.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Human Resource Management Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Culture â€Å"Culture is defined as a set of assumptions, rules, and values about social interaction† (Hofstede, 2003). â€Å"HRM personnel should develop culture sensitive policies that are acceptable within the local culture.† (Sims, Schraeder, 2004). According to Hofstede (2003) the following are factors that differ in national cultures and should be considered in defining management practices. Power Distance –Organizations in high power distance develop centralized and bureaucratic structures while those in low power distance are decentralized with more organic structures. Uncertainty Avoidance –In high uncertainty avoidance countries, people tend to rely on experts and ensure greater stability while those in low uncertainty avoidance areas take risks more lightly. Individualism-Collectivism – Individualism implies that everyone should be independent while collectivism holds that everyone should needs the other. Masculinity-Femininity – â€Å"Masculine societies emphasize the need to achieve something tangible while Feminine societies value helping others, having better quality living, and increased relationships with others† (Sims, Schraeder, 2004). Economic Factors HRM practices are usually determined by the economic systems in different countries. â€Å"In free enterprise systems, the need for efficiency favors HRM policies that value productivity; while in socialists systems, policies ten d to prevent unemployment regardless of the efficiency.† (â€Å"Global Human Resource Management,† n.d). Political Regulations and Policies Different countries have differences in industrial relations such as the governing relationship between the employer, employee, and unions. Employees of some nations are usually given legal rights to take part in formulation of company policies while others do not enjoy such rights. When expanding to a particular country, their governing policies may impact the rate at which a company can develop within the region. Educational, Managerial, and Technological Development in Host Country There are several challenges produced by different countries in relation to the need for expansion by multicultural companies. For example, a multicultural company with an aim of expanding its operations in Europe will be faced by different issues and challenges as compared to one with intentions of expanding its operations in China. The available work force in China may be less educated as compared to their European counterparts, thus, fetch lesser compensation. Firm’s International Experience Firms with longer periods of service in the international markets acquire better skills in maintaining a competitive edge. As compared to global players, new entrants in the international business lack the experience and knowledge of the market and may think of it as uncertain and unpredictable. Types of Staffing Policy Approaches in International HRM International Staffing Policy is a factor that has great impact on companies operating in the international arena. Generally, international staffing has greater challenges as compared to domestic staffing. Therefore, different approaches have been identified and are used by International human resource management.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The three main staffing approaches that are used for staffing in International HRM include; ethnocentric staffing, polycentric staffing, and geocentric staffing (â€Å"Global Human Resource Management,† n.d). In an ethnocentric approach, firms tend to employ people from the parent-country nationals (PCN) to take key managerial positions. The advantages associated with this approach include; the nationals’ familiarity with company goals, policies, procedures, products and technology. However, the disadvantages of this approach include; poor expatriate adaptation, lack of expatriates effectiveness, and underdevelopment of local managers. This approach is normally used in the early stages of internationalization and in a centralized approach to globalization. In a polycentric staffing approach, host-country managers (HCN/local managers) are usually given key positions in their own country of residence. This is usually the scenario due to the belief that local managers understand host c ountry market in relation to culture and behavior, thus, deemed to be more suitable for key positions. The advantages of this approach are the lower cost of hiring local managers, who may also be in better positions to advise on sensitive political issues. However, the disadvantages with this approach include; locals conflicting loyalty, difficulties in coordination with the headquarters, and lack of valuable experience by headquarter managers (â€Å"Global Human Resource Management,† n.d). Lastly, in the geocentric approach, firms tend to employ managers from any other country other than the host country to take key managerial positions. These natives from other countries are referred to as third country nationals (TCN). In this approach, there is an assumption that the best candidate to recruit in a firm can be found anywhere on the globe (â€Å"Global Human Resource Management,† n.d). The benefits of using third country nationals include; availability of broad exper ience, multilingualism, and an international outlook. In the international arena, multinational companies have been identified to increasingly recruit third country and host-country nationals to fill positions in their international subsidiaries.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Human Resource Management Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Evaluation of the Expatriate Management Policy in HRM (UAE Case) Generally, expatriates in the UAE have been governed by tough HRM management policies. Most of the expatriates living in the region had to undergo various tight checks before being accepted in the country. Recently, however, some of these governing policies have either been removed or reduced to a certain level. Below are areas which have been under check by the policies. Expatriate Entry Requirements The UAE Ministry of Health is working on a law in cooperation with the ministry of labor to ensure that e xpatriates are disease free before entering the country (UAE mulls new HIV/AIDS test policy, 2007). This is in accordance with the introduction of a new policy by UAE requiring that all expatriates seeking jobs in the region are HIV/AIDS free. Citizenship Initially, expatriates in the UAE could not enjoy citizenship rights regardless of the number of years they lived there. This also applied to their UAE-born children because they were not considered as citizens either. However, this has changed in states like Dubai where expatriates living for more than 20 years will be issued with a UAE passport. The expatriates will then be issued with a document that will enable them to be treated like nationals. However, UAE residency law does not offer permanent residency, but on renewable basis (Now expats in Dubai can get UAE passport, 2005). End-of-service gratitude policy In accordance to the UAE law, it is a requirement that all employers pay their employees an end-of service gratuity whi ch is similar to pension (UAE consider changes, 2010). Currently, reports show that UAE officials are pushing for organization to be paying expatriates an end-of service gratuity. This is intended to make funds available to companies in case of sudden financial constraints. In the current UAE pay skim, expatriates earn 21 days’ pay for the first 5 years of employment and 30 days’ pay for the remaining years (UAE consider changes, 2010). Reference List Global Human Resource Management. (n.d). Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hofstede, G. (2003). Cultures Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors,  Institutions, and Organizations across Nations. New York: Sage Publications. Now expats in Dubai can get UAE passport. (2005, July 25). Web. Sims, R. H., Schraeder M. (2004) An Examination of Salient Factors Affecting  Expatriate Culture Shock. (2004). Web. UAE consider changes to end-of-service gratuity policy for expatriates. (2010, December 14). Web. UAE mulls new HIV/AIDS test policy for expatriate job seekers. (2007, August 1). Web.

Free will, determinism, compatibilism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Free will, determinism, compatibilism - Essay Example Hence, the issue of fate and freewill become vital aspects in this discussion. Freewill and determinism is both true in their own distinct spheres. Freewill has been misidentified throughout history by the fact that freewill is not a mechanistic process. So what is freewill? Freewill is a perception that an individual possess the total control or ability to make decisions that will have an impact in their life. In essence, free will insists that individuals control their destiny. Individuals that exercise free will have total conscious control over their decisions. Although external factors do play a vital role in certain scenarios; the decision ultimately rests upon the individual. Freewill is a meaningful theory that insists on unlimited experience of choice. Free will is a doctrine that refutes the idea of pre-destination. Freewill is a choice that individual possess that yields an outcome which is unknown. The concept itself is very unique in a sense that it does take into accoun t of external factors. One of the most prominent scholars that examined this issue very carefully was known as Al-Ghazzili.

China and Globalization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

China and Globalization - Assignment Example United States recent tours in the Middle East were aimed at eliminating tariff and the creation of free trade zones through expansive trade networks agreements (Hao, 13). Additionally, in the globalization age, the two nation’s relations have enabled strong interdependent economic relationships that exist as the debtor-creditor and importer-exporter between China and the United States. These aspects have significantly enabled the two nations to resort and caution to trade diplomacy instead of engaging in military threats and retaliatory competition to resolve differences. On its part, the Chinese government has been on a mission to construct new relationship type with the big powers across the globe (Hao, 13). Currently, Eastern Asia has become a priority for the USA government after the preoccupation with terrorism decade. To date, things have changed especially with China becoming an economic, military and a technological powerhouse after the United States. These aspects are heavily posing various challenges to the U.S government. They are also raising strategic stakes for U.S government (Hao, 13). Additionally, the China government is fielding nuclear forces of the second generation an aspect that can overwhelm the United States of America missile defenses. These aspects can also strike the U.S. Alternatively, the China government is on a mission to develop computer networks and attack satellites, which the United States security and prosperity depend. In doing all these, the United States of America tends to be increasingly vulnerable to attacks from the Eastern Asia (Hao, 17). Both People’s Republic of China and the United States of America government have the wherewithal in maintaining strategic nuclear forces and the development of cyber-war capabilities and anti-satellite abilities. The two nations are eying each other’s motivation, which generally

Literature Review - The perception of pain Essay

Literature Review - The perception of pain - Essay Example Pain causes suffering and renders an individual incapable of carrying out his or her daily activities. Pain may have several negative feelings attached with it, but the function of pain is to protect the individual from further or exacerbating an injury. For instance, when an individual’s hand touches a hot pan, the reflexive withdrawal is the best example to demonstrate this aspect of pain and how it protects the individual from skin burn. Similarly, the excruciating muscle pain during over-exertion clearly indicates that an individual needs to rest and shows that pain can have its benefits, despite the suffering and misery it puts one through. Pain also teaches people to avoid certain behaviors that can trigger the pain and acts as a reinforcer of safety behavior. (Gambert, 2010) Pain is classified into two forms that is acute and chronic pain by Turk, Meichenbaum and Genest. Acute pain is the onset of pain and last for only a few days and it occurs due to tissue damage and has a protective purpose. In other words the source of the acute pain can easily be seen. Certain examples of acute pain include heart attack pain, acute appendicitis, sprain, fractures or lacerations. Chronic pain is a type of pain that lasts for a period of six months or more than that. It is a slow, throbbing pain and usually and may persist for a very long time. Chronic pain is further divided into three categories that is chronic recurrent pain, which is experienced by people suffering from migraines; it is characterized by bouts of no pain in the middle. (Hartvigsen et.al, 2004) The second category is called chronic intractable; the pain experienced is benign but it persists throughout the individual’s life. An example of chronic intractable pain would be lower back pain. The third category is called chronic progressive, whereby the pain is experienced by the individual with increasing intensity. Cancer pain is one such example of chronic progressive whereby, the pain i ntensity increases as the condition of the patient exacerbates with time. The persistence and intensity of chronic depends on a number of factors such as social support and environmental variables that reinforce pain behavior; for instance, if the pain behavior is followed secondary benefits from the individual’s environment then the pain is likely to persist for a very long time. Also individual personality, resistance and resilience play a great role how the pain is perceived and managed by the individual. (Hartvigsen et.al, 2004) Pain may have several functions; however, researchers have often conducted detailed researches regarding how pain is transmitted from the region of injury and processed in the central control unit that is brain. The oldest theory regarding the transmission of pain is called the specificity theory developed by Renee Descartes. This model to explain pain transmission was based on the premise that there is a particular pain pathway that gets activate d every time an individual sustains an injury. This theory was very short on detail and shed no light as to where this pathway was located in the body and did not answer the fundamental question that is how can the pain pathway gets activated regardless of where the injury is sustained and how different kinds of pain are transmitted through one pathway. (Sullivan et.al, 2001) The theory had many shortcomings but remained the most dominant angle on the subject

Far Right Propaganda A Historical Analysis

Far Right Propaganda A Historical Analysis The parallels between modern far right propaganda and Nazi propaganda leading up to world war two. Propaganda is defined in the oxford dictionary as Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political cause or point of view. Propaganda is biased, persuasive and not objective; a form of media usepd to promote a point of view or political stance. Propaganda has been used throughout history to influence and shape views by selectively presenting information and withholding facts. The language and imagery used in political propaganda is carefully selected to conjure an emotional response from an audience rather than a more rational response. The word propaganda is a word derived from the name of a new administrative body of the Catholic Church in 1622 entitled Congregatio de Propaganda Fide which translates as Congregation for the propagating the Faith or informally just propaganda.   Ã‚   There are three different types of propaganda; black, white and grey. White propaganda is the most credible and comes from a source that is identified correctly, and the information in the message tends to be accurate (Jowett and ODonnell, 2012, p.17). The source is often well respected and the information is truthful, however, presented in a way which is biased to convince the audience that they have the best knowledge of political ideology. The best example of white propaganda is newspaper publishing throughout history as the source is clear however the content can vary depending on the political views of the writer. Grey propaganda is a type of propaganda that falls between black and white propaganda; it is often created by a private organisation yet presents itself like a credible source. Grey propaganda can be described best as The source may or may not be correctly identified, and the accuracy of the information is uncertain (Jowett and ODonnell, 2012 p.20). In recent years the problem of fake news stories online is the most obvious version of modern grey propaganda. Black propaganda is the least credible type of propaganda and often comes from a fake or unidentified source and is used predominantly to spread lies. Black propaganda is often created with the intention of being portrayed as a credible source. A good example of the use of black propaganda was seen in the run-up to the 2007 federal election in Australia. Members of the liberal party circulated flyers around Sydney under the pretence of being circulated by an organisation called the Islamic Australia Federation. These flyers recognized the Australian L ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­abour party for supporting Islamic fundamentalists and terrorism. The purpose of this was to conjure fear in the public and alter their political alliances. In Germany in the 1930s, propaganda played a very large part in how the Nazi Party were perceived. Control over what people in Germany could see was heavily restricted which meant obvious propaganda was used in all media including literature, art, music, film, newspapers and radio. Dr Joseph Goebbels was put in charge of propaganda with the official title Minister of Propaganda and National Enlightenment. It was his role to ensure nobody in Germany could see or read anything that could be damaging to the reputation of the Nazi party. Graphic design is key in conveying the messages of propaganda. All art is propaganda. It is universally and inescapably propaganda; sometimes unconsciously, but often deliberately, propaganda. This is according to Upton Sinclair, an American author and political commentator, and in the case of Nazi propaganda this was very true and deliberate. Views put across in Nazi propaganda seemed extreme in modern Britain until very recently. The idea that people were taken in by this blatant propaganda seems ludicrous, until you start to look at the startling correlation between imagery and views in Nazi propaganda leading up to world war two and propaganda created by far right groups in recent years. Historical context and Nazi propaganda paragraph Brexit Paragraph Left: A Nazi propaganda film. The images come from a BBC documentary currently on Netflix called Auschwitz: Nazis and the final solution. Right: Nigel Farage, leader of UKIP during the European referendum, standing in front of a UKIP pro-leave poster. Despite not being part of the official leave campaign during the European Referendum in June 2015, Nigel Farage, Leader of far right political party UKIP made constant headlines throughout the campaign. The most controversial piece of propaganda over the last few weeks of campaigning was UKIPs breaking point poster which depicts a long line of refugees trying to reach Europe. The photograph was taken by photographer Jeff Mitchell and shows refugees passing through an old railway line in Slovenia after being kettled by police, explaining the traumatised look on their faces. Jeff Mitchell intentionally took the shot to show the volume of people from an impartial humanitarian point of view as he explains It was a very flat walk, so I scoped out a bridge to shoot from. I knew exactly what lens I was going to use, to compress the group, to show how many people were there. I could have walked with them the whole length, photographing how people were struggling, but you can sum it all up in one picture.. The photograph is now one of the most memorable images of the right wing pro-leave campaign and far right politics in Britain. The text and design of the poster is also important. The banner along the bottom is very simple and easy to read and also looks extremely similar to the format of the leave.eu official campaigns posters which could potentially have been planned to blur the line between the two. The Breaking Point poster was intended to evoke an emotional response from the audience. The image of the hundreds of predominantly male refugees was used so that British people voting in the referendum would feel fear or perhaps a need to protect their country from the unknown. Far right groups use fear and scaremongering in this way to incite hatred of foreigners and different races and religions. In the lead up to World War II, Nazi propaganda films were also used to spark this same sense of fear using volume of people. In my first image you can see a still from a 1941 Nazi newsreel showing the march of Bessarabian Jews in Romania. In this same newsreel, the Jews are also referred to as parasites which links strongly to how refugees are perceived today. The two images have a lot in common in both appearance and political message and both aim to evoke the same response from the audience fear and hatred. Although, different Medias, the photography is similar and has been directly p lanned in order to show as many people as possible in the image. In the case of the Breaking Point poster, UKIP have appropriated this image for their own political cause, whereas in the Nazi newsreel, it is highly likely this was done intentionally. Another parallel between the two images which explain their form and the faces of those photographed is the events leading up to the images. In the photograph of the Jews travelling through Romania they were forced to walk in such a line similarly to the refugees in Slovenia who were kettled by police before being walked in a certain direction. But the most brilliant propagandist technique will yield no success unless one fundamental principle is borne in mind constantly and with unflagging attention. It must confine itself to a few points and repeat them over and over. Here, as so often in this world, persistence is the first and most important requirement for success. Adolf Hitler The most effective way to destroy people is to deny and obliterate their own understanding of their history. George Orwell US politics The American fascists are most easily recognized by their deliberate perversion of truth and fact. Their newspapers and propaganda carefully cultivate every fissure of disunity, every crack in the common front against fascism. Henry A. WallaceRead more at: https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/h/henry_a_wallace.html The United States has its own propaganda, but its very effective because people dont realize that its propaganda. And its subtle, but its actually a much stronger propaganda machine than the Nazis had but its funded in a different way. Crispin GloverRead more at: https://www.brainyquote.com/search_results.html?q=propaganda+nazi Progressives know there is something very wrong when a nation divided politically has one major network operating as a propaganda arm of the Republican Party and 90 percent of talk radio is dominated by right-wing extremists. Bernie SandersRead more at: https://www.brainyquote.com/search_results.html?q=right+wing+propaganda

Comparison of the Transformation of Characters in Gullivers Travels and

The Transformation of Characters in Gullivers Travels and Robinson Crusoe   The characters in Gullivers Travels and Robinson Crusoe are portrayed as resembling trained soldiers, being capable of clear thought during tense and troubled times. This quality possessed within Robinson Crusoe and Gulliver is a result of the author's background and knowledge. Daniel Defoe was knowledgeable and proficient in seamanship, he understood the workings of a ship and the skills required for its operation. Daniel Defoe, an intelligent man who is knowledgeable in self defense and military tactics, which is reflected in the actions of Robinson Crusoe who insists on always one step ahead of his opponent, wether it be an enemy, nature or himself. Robinson Crusoe is the know all, does all type of person. He becomes stranded on a desolate island and does whatever is necessary to survive. After being on the island for several years Crusoe learns to adapt to his surroundings (an important feature in becoming a good soldier) and lives with what he has. In the 17th century, the Catholic reform was sweeping through many parts of Europe. The period from 1600 to about 1750 is known as the Baroque Era. Throughout this period the Catholic Church was fighting back against the effects of the Renaissance. The people of the Renaissance society started to question their beliefs in the church and tried to rationally explain the world around them. Several crusades were fought throughout this period and in the end England and France became "Christianized." Robinson Crusoe was published during the Baroque Era and it contained a great amount of Catholicism. Crusoe becomes a good Christian during his lonely stay on the deserted island and converts his companion F... ... an attorney, a traitor, or the like: this is all according to the due course of things: but when I behold a lump of deformity and diseases, both in body and mind, smitten with pride, it im-mediatly breaks all the measures of my patience; neither shall I be ever able to comprehend how such an animal and such a vice could tally together. (Jonathan Swift, Gulliver's Travels) Both Gulliver and Robinson are changing characters. At first they could not see the hidden details of life. But through solitude, trauma, conquest and failure have allowed both characters to realize the achievements, failures, and stupidity of man kind. Being able to rationalize from experience and calculation is a quality of a soldier. Works Cited: Defoe, Daniel. Robinson Crusoe. New York: Bantam Books, 1991 ("Defoe") Swift, Jonathan. Gulliver's Travels. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1959 Comparison of the Transformation of Characters in Gullivers Travels and The Transformation of Characters in Gullivers Travels and Robinson Crusoe   The characters in Gullivers Travels and Robinson Crusoe are portrayed as resembling trained soldiers, being capable of clear thought during tense and troubled times. This quality possessed within Robinson Crusoe and Gulliver is a result of the author's background and knowledge. Daniel Defoe was knowledgeable and proficient in seamanship, he understood the workings of a ship and the skills required for its operation. Daniel Defoe, an intelligent man who is knowledgeable in self defense and military tactics, which is reflected in the actions of Robinson Crusoe who insists on always one step ahead of his opponent, wether it be an enemy, nature or himself. Robinson Crusoe is the know all, does all type of person. He becomes stranded on a desolate island and does whatever is necessary to survive. After being on the island for several years Crusoe learns to adapt to his surroundings (an important feature in becoming a good soldier) and lives with what he has. In the 17th century, the Catholic reform was sweeping through many parts of Europe. The period from 1600 to about 1750 is known as the Baroque Era. Throughout this period the Catholic Church was fighting back against the effects of the Renaissance. The people of the Renaissance society started to question their beliefs in the church and tried to rationally explain the world around them. Several crusades were fought throughout this period and in the end England and France became "Christianized." Robinson Crusoe was published during the Baroque Era and it contained a great amount of Catholicism. Crusoe becomes a good Christian during his lonely stay on the deserted island and converts his companion F... ... an attorney, a traitor, or the like: this is all according to the due course of things: but when I behold a lump of deformity and diseases, both in body and mind, smitten with pride, it im-mediatly breaks all the measures of my patience; neither shall I be ever able to comprehend how such an animal and such a vice could tally together. (Jonathan Swift, Gulliver's Travels) Both Gulliver and Robinson are changing characters. At first they could not see the hidden details of life. But through solitude, trauma, conquest and failure have allowed both characters to realize the achievements, failures, and stupidity of man kind. Being able to rationalize from experience and calculation is a quality of a soldier. Works Cited: Defoe, Daniel. Robinson Crusoe. New York: Bantam Books, 1991 ("Defoe") Swift, Jonathan. Gulliver's Travels. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1959